The department of Molecular Virology is the only laboratory in Cyprus that performs molecular tests for the detection of viral meningitis. Ever since 1996 the department receives samples from suspected viral meningitis cases for analysis. The results provide information about circulating viruses among the population, which is then used to impose measures for the prevention of imminent viral epidemics. Additionally, the follow-up studies carried out in the department play an important role, not only in the diagnosis but also in the control of viral epidemics in Cyprus.